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Raytheon University University funding agreement for Raytheon sponsored research: IP-011 (10/22)
Taylor Miller aug 2026 · essay
Howard Hughes Professional and Aeronautical Photographs Collection (PH-00321), Special Collections and Archives, University of Nevada.

The University of Arizona has, over several decades, partnered with the weapons manufacturing firm, Raytheon. The following article is an annotated version of a draft for Raytheon contracts with universities. We recommend reading this essay on larger displays.

This Agreement is made by and between Raytheon Company (“Raytheon”)1 and          (“University”)2 (each, a “Party”3 and collectively, “Parties”). This Agreement shall be effective as of the later date4 of execution as set forth below (“Effective Date”).

Raytheon agrees to provide University funding in the amount of          U.S. Dollars ($  ) to support research as described in this Agreement. Such funding hereinafter referred to as the “Funding”. In exchange for this Funding, the University agrees to the terms and conditions set forth below.5

  1. Definitions

    1. Affiliate(s) of Raytheon means any corporation or business entity that, either directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, is controlled by,6 controls, or is under common control7 with Raytheon.
    2. For purposes of this Agreement, all references to an employee or employees of the University shall be deemed to include students at the University who work on the Research (as defined below).

  2. Scope of Work

    1. The University shall conduct the research as described in Exhibit A (the “Research”).8
    2. The Research shall be conducted on behalf of the University9 by or under the direction of the Principal Investigator identified in Exhibit A.
    3. The Research shall be conducted during the period10 and in accordance with the schedule11 set forth in Exhibit A.
    4. If, for any reason, the Principal Investigator becomes unavailable to work on the Research, Raytheon and the University will mutually agree on a qualified replacement.12 If parties are unable to promptly agree on a qualified replacement, Raytheon may terminate this Agreement as provided in Section 4 below.
    5. If requested by Raytheon, the Principal Investigator shall meet with designated representatives of Raytheon at mutually agreed times and places13 to discuss the progress of the Research.
    6. The University shall make available to Raytheon, upon request, copies of data and other information resulting from the Research in sufficient detail to enable Raytheon’s personnel to evaluate and to utilize the results of the Research in their own research activities.14
    7. All work to be performed hereunder shall be conducted by the University as an independent contractor and in no way shall the University, the Principal Investigator, and others assigned to the Research by the University be considered as agents or employees of Raytheon.15 The University and the Principal Investigator shall be solely responsible for the manner in which the work is performed and, without limiting the general applicability of the foregoing, the University and the Principal Investigator shall be solely responsible to ensure that the work is performed in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations.16,17

  3. Funding

    Upon execution of this Agreement by both Parties, Raytheon shall pay University18 within forty-five (45) days of receipt of a valid invoice from University. Except as otherwise provided in Section 6(e) below with respect to certain patent costs related to Joint Inventions [as defined in Section 6(b) below], nothing contained herein is intended to, or shall, by implication or otherwise obligate Raytheon to provide any funds or payments beyond the amounts expressly stated herein.

  4. Termination

    Performance under this Agreement may be terminated by Raytheon (i) upon thirty (30) days prior written notice, (ii) immediately upon written notice if the parties are unable to promptly agree upon a replacement Principal Investigator as provided in Section 2(d) above, or (iii) immediately upon written notice in the event that the University is not proceeding with the Research in a diligent and expeditious manner. Performance under this Agreement may be terminated by the University upon written notice if circumstances beyond its control preclude continuation of the Research.19 In the event of termination, the University will promptly refund to Raytheon the portion of amounts previously paid to the University pursuant to Section 3 above which exceeds the costs and non-cancellable commitments20 incurred by the University in the performance of the Research through the date of termination. This Section 4 and any other provision hereof that by its nature is inherently intended to survive [such as by way of example Sections 5, 6, 7, 8(b), 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14] shall survive any termination.

  5. Confidentiality and Publication

    1. In connection with the Research, Raytheon may elect to disclose certain technical information possessed by Raytheon that Raytheon considers proprietary (“Raytheon Proprietary Information”)21 and the University agrees that the University and its employees shall (i) maintain such Raytheon Proprietary Information as confidential, (ii) not disclose same to third parties without the prior written consent of Raytheon, and (iii) not use same except as authorized by Raytheon in connection with the Research; provided, however, Raytheon Proprietary Information shall not include any information that is rightfully and legally made available to the University from sources other than Raytheon.22
    2. Raytheon acknowledges that the results of fundamental research are not restricted from unlimited public release. The University has the right to present results of fundamental research at professional meetings or symposia, and to publish in journals, theses, or dissertations, or otherwise23 of their own choosing, provided that these releases do not include any of Raytheon Proprietary Information, or derivatives thereof, that is protected hereunder or protected under any separate Proprietary Information Agreement (“PIA”). In order to avoid improper disclosure of Raytheon Proprietary Information or EAR/ITAR controlled information that might result in a loss of patent protection or proprietary rights or potential violations of export laws or regulations through public disclosure of said information, the University will furnish Raytheon with copies of any proposed publication or presentation describing the results of the Research at least sixty (60) days in advance of such proposed publication or public presentation. Raytheon will have thirty (30) days after receipt of said copies to object to such proposed public dissemination; in which event the University will not publish such publication or presentation for a maximum of ninety (90) days from the date of receipt of such objection in order to allow for filing of the appropriate patent applications or to take appropriate measures to prevent any inadvertent disclosure of information that Raytheon believes should be considered proprietary or that Raytheon believes should become the subject of a patent application. Further, if Raytheon identifies Proprietary Information (i.e., sensitive Raytheon background information) subject to PIA protection, that information will be deleted upon Raytheon’s request.
    3. If applicable, prior to executing this Agreement, the parties shall contemplate and list within Exhibit A any sensitive subject matter, data and/or results that are expected to be generated in performance of this Agreement and that are highly proprietary to Raytheon and their publication would seriously damage Raytheon’s business interests24 (“Competition Sensitive Data”). Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) above, Competition Sensitive Data shall not be disclosed to any parties other than those specifically stated in Exhibit A without Raytheon’s prior express written consent. Further, Competition Sensitive Data shall not be published or included within any publications by the University, the Principal Investigator, or any of their employees, students, agents, or affiliates, without Raytheon’s prior express written permission, which permission shall not be unreasonably withheld if it can be shown that Raytheon’s intellectual property interests would not be harmed by such publication and that such publication would not violate any export laws or regulations. In the event that Raytheon and the University can’t agree on the subject matter to be afforded the foregoing protections, then the work on the project specified in Exhibit A shall not proceed. In the event that sensitive subject matter, data and/or results are generated that Raytheon considers Competition Sensitive Data but are not listed in Exhibit A, Raytheon may designate such generated sensitive subject matter, data and/or results as Competition Sensitive Data subject to this Agreement.
    4. Except to the extent that data from and/or results of the Research may be otherwise protected by patents or copyrights not otherwise licensed to Raytheon, there shall be no restrictions on use and/or disclosure by Raytheon or Affiliates of Raytheon of any data or results resulting from the subject Research.

  6. Intellectual Property, Inventions and Patents

    1. Definitions
      1. “Background Intellectual Property” or “Background IP” means all Intellectual Property that is (i) owned or controlled by a Party prior to this Agreement entering into force, or (ii) licensed or entrusted to a Party by third parties. Prior to the commencement of any project, the Parties shall describe all Background IP being used in connection with the research in Exhibit A. A Party’s failure to list all of its applicable Background IP does not prevent such unlisted applicable Background IP from being subject to this Agreement. The Parties may update the Background IP list as necessary by mutual agreement of the Parties throughout the period of performance.
      2. “Intellectual Property” or “IP” means any information, including, without limitation, any inventions, improvements, discoveries, research,25 computer software, work, designs, processes, drawings, specifications, reports, data, and tangible research materials, software, and know how, whether or not protected or protectable by patent, trade secret, or copyright (other than academic publications copyrighted by University employees).
      3. “Joint Invention” means any and all Intellectual Property, or improvements that are made jointly as defined in U.S. Patent law by one or more employees of Raytheon and one or more employees of University in the direct performance of any Statement of Work during the performance term.
      4. “Raytheon Invention” means all invention, improvements, or discoveries, that are conceived and reduced to practice, and made solely by one or more employees of Raytheon (including Affiliates of Raytheon) in connection with the activities contemplated by this Agreement.
      5. “University Invention” means any and all inventions, improvements or discoveries, that are conceived and reduced to practice, and made solely by one or more employees of University in performance of a specific Statement of Work during the performance term of the Agreement.
    2. Title/ Ownership
      1. University Invention. Subject to the rights granted to Raytheon and Affiliates of Raytheon pursuant to this Agreement and except as may otherwise be expressly provided below, the University shall have title to any University Invention conceived pursuant to this Agreement.
      2. Joint Invention. The University and Raytheon shall jointly and equally own all Joint Invention(s) conceived pursuant to this Agreement.
      3. Raytheon Invention. Raytheon (including Affiliates of Raytheon) shall have sole title and ownership to any Raytheon Invention26 conceived pursuant to this Agreement or in connection with the activities contemplated by this Agreement.
      4. Background Intellectual Property. This Agreement does not affect the ownership of any Background IP or in any other technology, design, work, invention, software, data, technique, know-how, or materials of either Party. The intellectual property rights in Background IP will remain the property of the respective Party that contributes its Background IP under this Agreement or Statement of Work as described in Exhibit A. Except for the rights expressly granted in this Agreement or Statement of Work, no license to use any Background IP of the other Party is granted or implied by this Agreement.
    3. The University shall promptly and in a timely manner disclose to Raytheon any invention made pursuant to this Agreement. Such disclosure will be in writing and shall, in any event, be made within thirty (30) days after the date on which the invention has been identified by the University. Within thirty (30) days of completion of the Research, the University shall provide Raytheon with a summary written report of all such inventions.
    4. As to any University Invention, the University shall have the first option to file a patent application thereon but if it elects not to do so or fails to do so in a timely fashion within a reasonable period, no later than ninety (90) days after the date the invention is identified, then Raytheon shall have the option to do so at its own expense. The University also shall have the first option to file foreign patent applications on University Inventions but Raytheon or any Affiliate of Raytheon shall have the right to do so in any country in which the University elects not to file a patent application. The University shall provide Raytheon with a timely written notice as to the University’s plans for foreign filing of patent applications on inventions that are subject to this Agreement in sufficient time to permit Raytheon or its designated affiliate to file such applications in any countries where the University elects not to do so but with such notice, in any event, being provided no later than six (6) months after the filing of the initial application on any such invention.
    5. The parties shall mutually agree as to which party shall be responsible for the preparation, filing and prosecution of patent applications on Joint Inventions but if they are unable to do so within thirty (30) days of the date on which the Joint Invention is identified then Raytheon shall have the right to do so at its option. Unless otherwise mutually agreed on a case by case basis, the parties shall share equally any costs and expenses associated with the filing and prosecution of patent applications on Joint Inventions and with the maintenance of any resulting patent applications and patents; provided, however, that either party may decline to do so in any particular country or countries in which case it shall surrender its ownership interests in the relevant patent rights in such country or countries to the other party. If the University acquires ownership of any such patent rights pursuant the foregoing, Raytheon and Affiliates of Raytheon shall have the same rights under such patent rights as they have with respect to University Inventions.
    6. The University shall consider any recommendations made by Raytheon with respect to the filing of patent applications resulting from this Agreement and shall keep Raytheon informed in a timely manner as to the University’s decisions with respect to filing of patent applications on University Inventions. The University also shall notify Raytheon in writing and in a timely fashion of its intention to abandon any patent application or patent applicable to either any University Invention or to any Joint Invention for which the University was the filing party so that Raytheon may, at its discretion, continue prosecution or maintenance of same in which case the University shall assign its rights to such inventions, patents, and patent applications to Raytheon.

  7. Rights and Licenses

    1. Unless Raytheon elects to acquire an exclusive license as provided below, Raytheon and its Affiliates shall, at all times and in any event, have a nonexclusive, royalty free, world-wide, perpetual license (including “have made” rights), with the right to sublicense, to use the deliverables hereunder, including the associated intellectual property rights therein, for any Raytheon and its Affiliates business.
    2. Unless Raytheon elects to acquire an exclusive license as provided below, Raytheon and its Affiliates shall, at all times and in any event, have a nonexclusive, royalty free, world-wide, perpetual license (including “have made” rights), with the right to sublicense (i) under any University Invention and any resulting patent rights and (ii) under any Joint Invention and resulting patent rights that may become the sole property of the University pursuant to Section 6(f) above as a result of Raytheon’s election not to bear its share of costs associated with any such patent rights related to Joint Inventions.
    3. In addition to the licenses granted in 7(a) and 7(b) above, University shall also grant Raytheon a limited royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual, world-wide license to University Background IP (as described in Exhibit A) to perform the Services during the Performance Term listed in the specific Statement of Work, and as needed to exercise its license to University Inventions in Section 7(a) and 7(b) above. If any University Background IP is not available, due to a contractual obligation to a third-party or otherwise, for license to Raytheon or Affiliates or Raytheon in accordance with this Agreement, or is subject to limitations that would impede the exercise by Raytheon or Affiliates of Raytheon of any rights pursuant to this Agreement, University will provide (at Raytheon’s sole cost and expense) such cooperation as Raytheon may reasonably request in obtaining any consents or licenses with respect to any University Background IP to the extent necessary or advisable for Raytheon (as determined by Raytheon) to fully exercise its rights with respect to any University or Joint Inventions.
    4. Raytheon will grant University a non-exclusive license to use the delivered Raytheon Background IP (as specifically specified in Exhibit A) solely as necessary to perform the Research in the Statement of Work during the performance terms. No other rights are granted in Raytheon Background IP.
    5. Except as otherwise provided in Section 6(f) above and except in the case where Raytheon acquires an exclusive license to the University’s interest therein as provided below, each joint owner shall have the right to use and non-exclusively license any Joint Inventions and resulting patent rights without obligation or accounting to the other joint owner.
    6. At any time prior to the expiration of (i) six (6) months after the issuance of any patent resulting from a patent application filed by Raytheon or any Affiliate of Raytheon on any University Invention or on any jointly owned Joint Invention, or (ii) six (6) months after Raytheon’s receipt from the University of written notice advising Raytheon of the issuance of a patent resulting from a patent application filed by the University on any University Invention or on any jointly owned Joint Invention, Raytheon shall have the option to acquire a royalty bearing exclusive license, with right to sublicense, under any such University Invention and/or Joint Invention and/or under any resulting patent rights (“Resulting Patents”) on reasonable terms and conditions and at a royalty not to exceed two percent (2%) of the net sales revenues of Raytheon or Affiliates of Raytheon attributable to the products produced and/or processes utilized that are covered by the claims of any such Resulting Patents which are exclusively licensed to Raytheon. In the event that Raytheon issues any sublicenses to third parties (other than Affiliates of Raytheon) under any such Resulting Patents that are exclusively licensed to Raytheon and that are directed to a University Invention, the University shall be entitled to a reasonable share, to be negotiated but not exceeding fifty percent (50%) of the net royalty received by Raytheon pursuant to any such sublicense.
    7. In the event that Raytheon or any Affiliate of Raytheon incurs any costs or expenses in connection with the filing, prosecution and/or maintenance of any patent rights that are or become the subject of any exclusive license acquired pursuant to Section 7(f) above, Raytheon shall have the right to deduct any such costs and expenses from any royalties or license fees otherwise due in connection with any such exclusive license under the relevant patents to which the costs and expenses relate.
    8. Subject to the licenses granted below, title to and the right to determine the disposition of any copyrights on material or software first produced or composed by employees of the University in the performance of the Research under this Agreement shall be in the University and/or its employees in accordance with agreements between the University and its employees. The University hereby grants Raytheon and Affiliates of Raytheon an irrevocable, royalty free, perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive right and license to use, reproduce, and distribute (including the right to authorize its customers to use) all such copyrighted or copyrightable materials (including software) and to prepare, use, reproduce and distribute derivative works based thereon. Title to any copyrights on any material first produced or composed jointly by employees of Raytheon (including Affiliates of Raytheon) and by employees of the University shall be jointly owned by Raytheon, as one joint owner, and by the University and/or its employees, as the other joint owner; and, except as otherwise subsequently agreed or provided herein, both Raytheon and the University shall have the right to use, reproduce, distribute and/or non-exclusively license such jointly held copyrighted material and to prepare, use, distribute, reproduce and/or non exclusively license such derivative works based thereon without obligation to the other joint owner(s). Raytheon shall also have an option to acquire an exclusive license to any such copyrighted or copyrightable material (including software) referred to above in this Section 7 (h) on reasonable terms and conditions. Software developed during the Research for which a patent application is filed shall be subject to Sections 7 (a) through and including 7(g) above, to the extent applicable to software patents. Each party represents and warrants that it has necessary rights from its employees to grant the rights provided in this Section 7 (h). The right to distribute shall include the right to authorize others to use.
    9. For the avoidance of doubt and whether or not expressly so stated, all licenses and other rights granted to Raytheon under this Section 7 may be extended by Raytheon to Affiliates of Raytheon.

  8. Insurance

    1. In connection with its work under this Agreement, the University shall maintain (i) Workers’ Compensation insurance (or an equivalent legally permitted and governmentally approved program of self-insurance covering University employees pursuant to applicable state worker’ compensation laws); and (ii) Employers’ Liability insurance with limits of not less than $1,000,000 for each covered event.
    2. Raytheon, Affiliates of Raytheon and/or their officers, directors, employees and/or agents shall have no liability to the University or to its insurers with respect to any claim University employees make against the University under Workers’ Compensation. Furthermore, the University shall, except to the extent prohibited by applicable law, defend, indemnity and hold-harmless Raytheon, Affiliates of Raytheon, and their respective officers, directors and/or employees (“Indemnified Parties”) against any claim a University employee or a University insurer makes against any of the Indemnified Parties as a result of or in connection with the performance of the Research,27 and the University expressly waives any statutory protection with respect to such indemnity that the University may otherwise have under the applicable Workers’ Compensation laws.

  9. Agreements with Employees

    The University represents and warrants that it has appropriate agreements with the Principal Investigator and other University employees that are sufficient to enable the University to perform its obligations hereunder and to grant the rights provided for herein.28

  10. Use of Names

    Neither Party will use the name of the other Party in any advertising or in any other form of publicity without the prior written permission of the other.

  11. Notices

    Notices under this Agreement shall be in writing and addressed to the following:

    For UniversityFor Raytheon
    University:     Raytheon Company
    Attention:     Attention:     
    Address:     Address:     
    Attention:     Address:     

    Notices shall be effective upon receipt.

  12. Applicable Law

    This Agreement shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with the substantive laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to its internal principles of conflict of laws.

  13. Export/Import Controls

    1. The University hereby certifies that it will comply with U.S. export and import controls laws29 and regulations, including but not limited to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”) (22 CFR 120 et seq.), the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”) (15 CFR Part 730-774), the regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) (31 CFR Part 500-598), the regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (“ATF”) found in 27 CFR Chapter II, and all other applicable U.S. Government regulations relating to the importation of goods into the United States (including, but not limited to, the regulations administered by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection30 (“CBP”) at 19 CFR 0 et seq. and other import regulations promulgated by other U.S. agencies that may be enforced by CBP) (collectively “U.S. export and import control laws and regulations”). If the University engages in the United States in the business of either manufacturing, exporting, or brokering in ITAR-controlled defense articles or furnishing ITAR-controlled defense services, the University hereby certifies that it has registered with the U.S. Department of State Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (“DDTC”).

    2. The University shall control the disclosure, export, reexport, transfer and retransfer of, and access to, any hardware, software, controlled technical data, technology, and/or services (collectively referred to as “items”) received under this Agreement to ensure that any such disclosure, export, reexport, transfer or retransfer is undertaken in accordance with U.S. export control laws and regulations. The University agrees that no controlled items provided by Raytheon in connection with this Agreement shall be provided to any person or entity unless the transfer is expressly permitted by a U.S. Government license or other authorization, or is otherwise in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. It shall be the responsibility of the University to be cognizant of (including by requesting such information from Raytheon if needed) the proper jurisdiction and classification under the ITAR and/or EAR of the items provided by Raytheon prior to any release to a third party, including foreign affiliates or employees. If a final jurisdiction and classification determination for items provided by Raytheon has not been provided, the University cannot export or otherwise release the information to a foreign person until a final jurisdiction and classification is approved by Raytheon and any applicable export authorizations are obtained. For items subject to the ITAR, this responsibility includes the University’s cognizance of the ITAR controls applicable to any technical data or defense service furnished to the University by Raytheon, including when exported to the University from the United States in furtherance of Raytheon’s technical assistance, manufacturing license agreement or other ITAR authorization prescribing ITAR jurisdiction of any defense article that may be produced or manufactured by the University from such technical data or defense service.

    3. The University shall notify Raytheon if any deliverable under this Purchase Order, for which the University is the design authority, is subject to U.S. export and import controls laws31 and regulations described in Paragraph 13(a). Before providing Raytheon any deliverable subject to the EAR or the ITAR, the University shall provide in writing to Raytheon’s Procurement Representative the export classification of any such item or controlled data, including the export classification of any:

      1. dual use goods and technology subject to the EAR, including any embedded ITAR controlled or EAR 500 or 600 series’ item or technology;
      2. defense article, including any technical data, controlled by the ITAR;
      3. item or technology controlled by the EU List of Dual Use Items or by other applicable national export control lists.

      Subsequent to the initial disclosure above, the University shall timely notify Raytheon’s Procurement Representative in writing of any changes to the export classification information of the item or controlled data. The University represents that an official authorized to bind the University has determined that the University or the designer, manufacturer, supplier, or other source of the deliverable has properly determined their export classification.

    4. The University hereby warrants that neither the University, nor any parent, subsidiary, affiliate, or lower-tier subcontractor is listed on any Restricted Party List of an agency of the U.S. Government, any applicable non-U.S. Government, or international organization, or any applicable state, local government, or municipality, nor are their export privileges denied, suspended or revoked. For purposes of this provision, “Restricted Party List” is defined to include the U.S. Government’s Denied Persons List,32 Unverified List, Entity List, Nonproliferation Sanctions List,33 AECA Debarred List,34 Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) List,35 Sectoral Sanctions Identifications (SSI) List,36 Foreign Sanctions Evaders List, Excluded Parties List, or Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) List,37 or other similar lists issued by the U.S. Government or a non-U.S. government, or international organization, or any state or local government, or municipality that relates to export controls, economic sanctions, or anti-corruption. The University shall immediately notify Raytheon if the University, or any parent, subsidiary, affiliate, or lower tier subcontractor is added to any such Restricted Party List38 or if any of their export privileges become denied, suspended, or revoked. The University shall not deal with any Restricted Party in relation to this purchase order. The University shall notify Raytheon of any known or suspected violations of export or import control laws or regulations related to any Restricted Party involving this purchase order, or the initiation or existence of any U.S. Government investigation into same.

    5. If the items provided by the University originate from a foreign location, they may also be subject to the export and import control laws and regulations of the country in which the items originate. The University shall abide by all applicable export and import control laws and regulations of that originating country.39

    6. The University agrees to provide Raytheon with information necessary for Raytheon to seek any necessary export and/or import authorizations, or to ensure or confirm compliance with U.S. and other applicable export / import controls laws and regulations.

    7. Where Raytheon transfers items to the University under a U.S. Government export authorization, the University shall promptly notify Raytheon of (1) any changed circumstances that may require Raytheon to seek a new authorization, or a revision or amendment to an existing authorization, or that may impact the University’s ability to perform under this contract (including but not limited to a change in name or ownership, the desired addition of a non-U.S. dual or foreign national employee, or the desired addition of a new subcontractor and/or affiliate), or (2) any known or suspected violations of export or import control laws or regulations, or the initiation or existence of any U.S. Government investigations into same. The University shall comply with requests from Raytheon for additional information regarding any such changed circumstances, known or suspected violations, or U.S. Government investigations.

    8. If this Agreement forms the whole or a part of a sale by Raytheon of defense articles or defense services being sold in support of a Foreign Military Sale40 or commercially to or for the use of the armed forces of a foreign country or international organization,41 the University shall upon acceptance of this Order, or within ten (10) days of being requested by Raytheon to do so, with respect to all Purchase Orders received by the University’s legal entity to date in relation to the Raytheon Customer Contract or Solicitation Number related to the Purchase Order, complete IN-009 “International Traffic in Arms Regulations Certificate and Reporting of Political Contributions, Fees or Commissions,” available at http://www.raytheon.com/suppliers/supplier_resources/ in furtherance of the requirements stipulated in Part 130 of the ITAR, 22 C.F.R. §§130.9 and 130.10.

    9. The University shall not engage in any subcontracts relating to this Agreement except in accordance with the prior written consent of Raytheon,42 and as compliant with U.S. export and import controls laws and regulations, and any authorizations granted thereunder. If the University is authorized by Raytheon to engage in subcontracting for procurements related to this Purchase Order, the University shall incorporate into its subcontracts the provisions of Section 13 requiring compliance with U.S. and other applicable export and import control laws and regulations.

    10. The University is responsible for complying with all relevant import laws and regulations to the extent consistent with U.S. law. Raytheon shall not serve as Importer of Record. The University shall be responsible for Customs clearance, payment of any and all duties, taxes, and fees for goods entering into the United States, or other relevant country.43

    11. Where the University is a recipient of any items received pursuant to a U.S. export license, Technical Assistance Agreement (“TAA”), Manufacturing License Agreement (“MLA”), or other export authorization, the University will abide by all provisos, requirements, and restrictions related to the applicable authorization. The University will provide to Raytheon accurate and complete records relating to all activities for which such records are required under TAAs and MLAs, such as but without limitation (i) Non-disclosure Agreements for sublicensees, (ii) Nontransfer and Use Certificates (DSP-83) for exports of Significant Military Equipment or classified equipment or technical data, and (iii) sales data to support annual sales reports. The University will immediately notify Raytheon of any change in circumstance that may require an amendment to an existing authorization or the obtaining of a new authorization. Raytheon shall not be responsible for delays in U.S. import or export of controlled items supplied hereunder by Raytheon resulting from a lack of necessary documentation from the University or the University’s country.

    12. The University shall indemnify Raytheon for all liabilities, penalties, losses, damages, costs, or expenses that may be imposed on or incurred by Raytheon in connection with any violations of non-U.S. or U.S. export or import control laws and regulations, by the University, its officers, employees, agents, suppliers, or subcontractors at any tier.

    13. The University shall notify Raytheon of any known or suspected violations of U.S. export and sanction laws in connection with this Agreement. Violation of any such laws and regulations may be considered a breach of a material provision under this Agreement.

  14. Entirety of Agreement

    This Agreement sets forth the entire agreement and understanding between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior oral and written agreements and understandings between them relating thereto. No amendment, alteration or modification of the Agreement shall be effective unless made in writing and signed by authorized representatives of both the University and Raytheon.

  15. Assignment

    This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and the successors to all or substantially all of the business and assets of the respective parties. This Agreement shall not be assignable by either party without the prior written consent of the other party except that Raytheon may, without such consent, assign this Agreement and the rights and licenses granted to it hereunder to any Affiliate of Raytheon and to any successor in interest to all or substantially all of that portion of Raytheon’s business to which the Research relates.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives effective as of the date of final signature set forth below.

UniversityRaytheon
By:     By:     
Name:     Name:     
Title:     Title:     
Date:     Date:     

Attachment: Exhibit A, Statement of Work,         

EXHIBIT A, STATEMENT OF WORK [Minimum Elements]

  1. Research to be Performed

    [Description of Research and Deliverables]

  2. Principal Investigator

    Name:

  3. Project Team

    [Insert List]

    Assignment of foreign nationals shall require prior written consent of Raytheon to insure compliance with applicable law. The University shall advise Raytheon in writing if it proposes assignment of any foreign nationals.

  4. Schedule/ Period of Performance

    Unless otherwise agreed in writing, it is understood that the Research shall commence promptly after the receipt of the Funding and shall thereafter proceed in a substantially continuous manner for a period of approximately ( ) months.

  5. University Resources

    The University confirms that (a) no US Government or other third-party funding or resources will be used in the performance of the Research44 and (b) no property financed with proceeds of an issue of state or local bonds will be used in the performance of the Research.

  6. Background Intellectual Property

    Will any University Background Intellectual Property be used in performing the Services?

         Yes      No

    If “Yes”, please describe and identify whether it is available for [RTN/RTN Affiliate] to license.

    Will any third party Background IP be used in performing the Services?

         Yes      No

    If “Yes”, please describe and identify whether is available for Raytheon or its affiliates to license:

    Will any Raytheon Background IP be used in performing the Services?

         Yes      No

  7. Competition Sensitive Subject Matter (if applicable)- Not To Be Published or Disclosed to parties other than those individuals listed in subsection (c) without prior, written consent by Raytheon.

    Technical data or software and other items or processes that include or embody sensitive subject matter and that a) are expected to be generated in performance or b) may be generated in performance of the Research. The Parties agree that these data, software, and any documentation of these items and processes will be held in confidence and will not be disclosed to any parties other than those individuals specifically listed in subsection (c) below or be subject to being included in any publications without Raytheon’s prior written authorization:

    1. Material that is currently expected to be generated or result from the work:
    2. Material that may be generated or result from the work:
    3. Individuals Authorized to receive Competition Sensitive Subject Matter

  8. Special Terms for this Work Statement (if any)

    UniversityRaytheon
    By:     By:     
    Name:     Name:     
    Title:     Title:     
    Date:     Date:     

Notes

  1. 1. Though headquartered in Arlington County, Virginia, Raytheon Missiles and Defense (a business unit of RTX Corporation) is located on the southeast side of Tucson, Arizona. This is the occupied land of the Tohono O’odham, Pascua Yaqui and Hohokam people in the Sonoran Desert.

  2. 2. The University of Arizona (hereafter: UA) is a Land Grant/Land Grab university, opened in 1891 on occupied Indigenous land. Its founding is premised on the Morrill Act (1862) and related legislation, which authorized and incentivized the theft of this territory for the benefit of white settlers. The heart of the UA campus is approximately eight miles from the Raytheon manufacturing site.
    See: Robert Lee et al., “Land-Grab Universities”, High Country News.

  3. 3. In a 1917 volume of The University of Arizona Record titled “The University of Arizona and the War”, the then-president of UA, R.B. von KleinSmid, wrote the Governor of Arizona: “My dear Governor Campbell: In the National crisis, and in the event of war, it has seemed to the local Board of Regents of the University of Arizona that the use of the campus, the buildings, and the laboratories of the University might be found of great assistance to the State and the Nation. They desire me, therefore, to offer these to you for your service as Governor of the State in directing the military operations of the commonwealth and, if it meets with the approval of yourself and other members of the Board, to offer the institution, through you, to the Federal Government for such service as the exigencies of war may demand.”

  4. 4. In 1951, business magnate Howard Hughes established the Hughes Aircraft Company’s missile manufacturing operations in Tucson to build the world’s first air-to-air radar-guided missile. A year later, the U.S. Air Force purchased Hughes’ operations and designated the site “Air Force Plant 44”.

  5. 5. Straight from the Google AI overview, perhaps scraping data from research I have published elsewhere on UA’s collusion with Raytheon: “Raytheon’s partnership with the University of Arizona ([UA]) spans decades […] Raytheon has partnered with the [UA] for many years, with some sources noting the relationship extends back over a century. In essence, it is a deep, multi-faceted collaboration focused on advancing engineering education and building a skilled workforce in Arizona.”
    See: Taylor Miller, “The University of Arizona’s Institutionalized Border Violence”, The New Inquiry, 11 June 2024.

  6. 6. According to the Arizona Daily Star, in 1992: “Hughes Aircraft acquires General Dynamics missile business including Tomahawk Cruise Missile, Phalanx Close-in Weapon Systems, Rolling Airframe Missile, Standard Missile, Advanced Cruise Missile, Sparrow and Stinger missiles. Hughes consolidates all missile engineering and manufacturing operations in Tucson. More than 2,500 families move to Tucson from California.”
    See: “Raytheon in Tucson”, Arizona Daily Star, 4 December 2011.

  7. 7. Raytheon leased additional facility space in 1993: a former IBM site which later became the UA Science and Tech Park. The site in its present form is a sprawl of concrete lots and banal office buildings that “incubate” biotechnology, banking, pharmaceutical and AI “startups”.

  8. 8. Published in March 2023, Raytheon’s cheeky “Top 10 reasons to move to Tucson, AZ”: “For over seven decades, Raytheon has had a presence here. And the Raytheon Technologies business has long been Arizona’s largest private employer, choosing Tucson as its worldwide headquarters in 2020. In 2022, a survey of relocation trends by long-distance moving company North American Van Lines identified the city among the most popular for an influx of new residents. Key drivers: lower cost of living, higher quality of life and proximity to nature. And, in 2023, TIME magazine featured it in its annual list of the ‘World’s Greatest Places’, calling it ‘the soul of the Sonoran Desert.’”
    Never mind that my family has been priced out of Tucson, after living in the Sonoran Desert for 20 years — the current new home price averages $475,000, and homelessness has increased 300% between 2018-2023 — what keeps the University of Arizona and Tucson writ large afloat is the defence industry. The Chamber of Southern Arizona lists Northrop Grumman, Sargent Aerospace and Defense, World View Enterprises, Universal Avionics, Honeywell and others as the city’s main economic drivers; see: https://thechambersoaz.com/aerospace-defense. Put otherwise by BizTucson: “The aerospace/defense industry in the Tucson area is in a word − immense.” Quoting Sam Deneke, the president of Air and Space Defense Systems at Raytheon, the spotlight continues: “‘We have an outsized importance and responsibility that we’re well aware of in Southern Arizona from an economic impact and social impact as well […] We’re certainly growing here in Tucson.’ Deneke emphasised Raytheon’s collaboration with the UA and Pima Community College. The company hires a large number of UA engineering school graduates as well as PCC grads. ‘This is the fifth-largest concentration of aerospace and defense work in the country, and that wouldn’t be possible without the tech collaboration with the city and the universities here,’ Deneke said. The aerospace/defense industry is expected to grow here in the future.” See: Tom Leyde, “Industry Sector Still Tops in the U.S.”, BizTucson, 21 October 2025.

  9. 9. From a June 2022 press release titled “Raytheon Values Aerospace Engineering Partnership with UA”: “‘The University of Arizona is a gem – they’re a top-tier research institution and one of Raytheon’s key partners for decades,’ said Roy Donelson, VP and COO of Raytheon Middle East North Africa Group. ‘Working with the UA gives us a better perspective on the region and our nation. We’re able to learn and understand what students are thinking about.’ The UA is poised to offer an influx of quality engineering graduates to the area, which will mesh with the regional economic recovery plan, the Pivot Playbook. The playbook is a formal action plan driven by Sun Corridor Inc. to ensure that the community emerges from the pandemic able to seize on crucial opportunities. ‘Our partnership with UA has fed that talent need,’ Donelson said. ‘We continue to hire hundreds of UA graduates, and just over the last couple of years that number has continued to grow.’”

  10. 10. Featured in BizTucson coverage: “[The] road to manufacturing hypersonic missiles is a complex balance of material science, simulated flight testing and, finally, range testing to ensure the vehicle can fly the intended distance, maneuver as designed and withstand the extreme flying environment at hypersonic speeds. While Raytheon has competition in this segment primarily from Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman and Boeing, Holmes said Raytheon has an advantage with their decades of missile development and production experience, deep talent base, robust supply chain, and academic affiliations, like the one with UArizona. ‘Our university has experience across the spectrum of hypersonics,’ said UArizona College of Engineering Dean David Hahn.”
    See: Romi Carrell Wittman, “Raytheon Invests in New Capabilities, Partners with UArizona”, BizTucson, 11 April 2022.

  11. 11. The UA Research Center for Hypersonics shared in 2020: “Raytheon Partners with UArizona on Next-Gen Hypersonics”: “Developing sophisticated hypersonic technologies takes a lot of talent and testing, and Raytheon is partnering with the University of Arizona to help satisfy those needs. The company has used the UA’s wind-tunnel facilities for testing under faculty research contracts and expects to do more with the school after the UA recently completed installation of a new, hypersonic wind tunnel and added another subsonic tunnel. Just last week, the UA announced that the Defense Department has awarded UA aerospace engineering faculty members Alex Craig, Jessie Little and Hermann Fasel a total of $1.7 million in grants to upgrade the school’s wind tunnels.” The piece adds: “Last year, the UA created a nonprofit, corporate affiliate called the UA Applied Research Corp. (UA-ARC), to target defense-related research. UA-ARC President and CEO Austin Yamada, a former Department of Defense deputy assistant secretary, said because of its structure UA-ARC will be able to receive federal research contracts for classified defense research that the UA can’t qualify for because of its public nature. ‘The goals that Raytheon have align really well with what the University of Arizona is trying to do right now in hypersonics, and as no surprise, aligns very well with the DoD and what the U.S. government’s needs are in the area.’”
    See: David Wichner, “Raytheon Partners With UArizona on Next-Gen Hypersonics”, Arizona Research Center for Hypersonics, 15 February 2020.

  12. 12. In the UA “Research & Partnerships” rolodex, Barbara Borgonovi is profiled: “Barbara Borgonovi is the president of naval power at Raytheon, a business of RTX that specializes in integrated air and missile defense, advanced sensors, space systems, hypersonics and effectors. Raytheon’s naval power strategic business unit provides the U.S. and its global allies with some of the industry’s marquee systems in the maritime domain, including the SM-2™ and SM-6® missiles, SM-3 interceptor, Tomahawk® Cruise Missile, the SPY-6 family of radars and air systems, such as the AIM-9X® SIDEWINDER® and Next Gen Jammer. Prior to this role, Borgonovi led corporate strategy and development for RTX, where she was responsible for the company’s strategic initiatives and for assessing merger, acquisition and divestiture opportunities to drive overall enterprise growth and profitability.”

  13. 13. On the “After College” section of the UA College of Engineering’s website, the headshot of Cindy Klingberg, Raytheon Missile Systems’ “program management excellence” is captioned: “We have 1,500 UA alumni working at Raytheon.”

  14. 14. I could summarise the aims of the University of Arizona Applied Research Corporation, but their organizational overview lays it out: “THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA APPLIED RESEARCH CORPORATION (ARC) IS A NON-PROFIT, ARIZONA CORPORATION ESTABLISHED IN OCTOBER 2018 AS A COMPONENT UNIT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA (THE UNIVERSITY). ARC IS LEGALLY SEPARATE FROM THE UNIVERSITY. ALTHOUGH LEGALLY SEPARATE, ARC EXISTS FOR THE SOLE AND DIRECT BENEFIT OF THE UNIVERSITY. ARC PROVIDES TECHNICAL SERVICES TO THE UNIVERSITY TO ASSIST THE UNIVERSITY WITH OBTAINING RESEARCH CONTRACTS IN THE AREAS OF OPTICS, HYPERSONICS, QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, CYBER SECURITY AND SPACE RELATED RESEARCH.”
    The UA-ARC has been tax-exempt since May 2020. In its 2024 filing, Part I, Line 1 summarizes the organization’s “mission” or “most significant activities” as “TO COLLABORATE WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA IN OBTAINING CLASSIFIED RESEARCH CONTRACTS.” Further down, the “statement of program service accomplishments” states: “DELIVER SUPERIOR TECHNICAL, ANALYTIC, AND INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS, SERVICES, AND SOLUTIONS TO NATIONAL SECURITY CHALLENGES FROM GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY, EXTENDING THE BRAND AND IMPACT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA.”
    See: https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/832495253/202511339349303556/full.

  15. 15. Also from the FY2024 UA-ARC filing: “IN THE CURRENT FISCAL YEAR, WE ALSO PROVIDED PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND TECHNICAL EXPERTISE FOR THREE (3) OUTSIDE CONTRACTS.” While it is difficult to establish with certainty, I would surmise (at minimum) one outside contract is for collaboration with Raytheon.

  16. 16. In their ongoing profile of Raytheon, AFSC details: “Raytheon supplies the Israeli government with a wide variety of weapons, including various missiles and bombs. Raytheon technologies are also integrated into Israel’s main weapon systems, including fighter jets, military drones, and warships. These weapons are often gifted to Israel through the U.S. government’s Foreign Military Financing program […] For years, these weapons have repeatedly been used against Palestinian civilians, resulting in numerous casualties as well as mass destruction of homes and civilian infrastructure, including hospitals, schools, and water and electric systems. These attacks include war crimes that Israel has committed during several major military offensives against the Gaza Strip, which has been illegally blockaded since 2007.”
    See: RTX Corp, American Friends Service Committee. https://investigate.afsc.org/company/rtx.

  17. 17. AFSC also summarises, as I have in adjacent research: “In its frequent military offensives against Gaza, the Israeli military uses Raytheon’s 5,000-pound GBU-28 ’bunker buster’ and laser-guided Paveway bombs, as well as AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground missiles, AIM-9X missiles, AIM-120 Sidewinder missiles, and TOW long-range missiles. These missiles and bombs are typically fired or dropped by the Israeli Air Force’s F-16 and F-35 fighter jets […] Raytheon provides weapon systems, components, and maintenance services to the Israeli Air Force’s fleet of F-15, F-16, and F-35 fighter jets. For example, the company and its subsidiary Pratt & Whitney have provided F100 engines — the ‘engine of choice’ for F-15 and F-16 aircraft — and APG-82(V)1 radars. Through 2030, Pratt & Whitney will provide Israel with repair management and other services for its F-15 and F-16 aircraft […] Raytheon’s Phalanx weapon system, a rapid-fire, radar-guided gun, is installed on the Israeli Navy’s 4.5 Sa’ar missile ships, which are used to enforce Israel’s illegal naval blockade of the Gaza Strip. Gazan fishermen, who are restricted by Israel to severely limited fishing areas — reported being fired at by the Israeli Navy on an almost-daily basis.”
    See: Taylor Miller, “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”, Weird Economies, 24 September 2024.

  18. 18. Raytheon and the University of Arizona’s (and greater Tucson) partnership is around 75 years old, but we can mark 1993 as a year the two concretized as bedfellows. On 6 June 2023, Raytheon announced that it would expand operations at the Arizona Tech Park, which it has occupied since 1993: “Raytheon’s expansion is the result of a $6.5M capital investment that will create over 100 high skill jobs in approximately 14,000 square feet of office space. The company hires a record number of UA graduates at all skill levels, with an emphasis on engineering and other higher-wage, technical positions. The company also has a strong internship program with many University of Arizona students benefiting from the mentorship and applied learning experience. ‘Southern Arizona continues to be an attractive destination for our company to grow, largely because of our partnership with the University of Arizona,’ said Wes Kremer, president of Raytheon. ‘This latest expansion will not only strengthen our connection with them but with the broader community at-large.’” See: “RTX’s Raytheon Expands to The Refinery at New University of Arizona Tech Park at The Bridges”, Tech Parks Arizona, 6 June 2023.

  19. 19. I’ve lived in the Sonoran Desert for nearly 20 years. I completed my BFA, MA and PhD at the University of Arizona; to my knowledge, only one direct action against the Raytheon location in Tucson occurred in recent years, no less throughout the ongoing genocide in Gaza. On 2 November 2023, the Tucson Coalition for Palestine staged a “die-in” at the entrance to the munitions manufacturer; several dozen participants lay in the road with signs, in an attempt to block the entrance to the compound. The action barely lasted one hour before police dispersed the group, arresting several, including a local journalist. See: Hannah Cree, “Anti-weapons “die-in” protest blocks Raytheon entrance during morning commute”, AZPM, 2 November 2023.

  20. 20. Though I’d prefer not to cite the New York Times (see instead: the New York War Crimes), a joint report with the Pulitzer Center unpacks the Department of Defense War Identification Code from a bomb dropped on the remote Arhab district in Sana’a, Yemen: “The scrap [the interviewee] found had an assembly code unique to one American manufacturer: Raytheon, which makes Paveway II guidance kits at its facility in Tucson, Arizona.” In typical fashion that bends towards empire’s whims, the NYT reporter expanded: “The city is surrounded by dry, scrubby land. Not much grows there. Brown mountains rise in jagged peaks; the topography is almost identical to northern Yemen. Tucson even has F-16s from an Air National Guard base soaring around the valley — single-engine jets that are smaller and slower than the F-15s the Saudis fly. When you hear the air curdling, you don’t know at first if it’s wind or an 18-wheeler pushing down Interstate 10, and then there’s a roar, and backswept wings appear and disappear above you. Tucson also has a wealth of defense contractors, all part of the Sun Corridor, a booster group that puts up signs proclaiming the region’s laurels; that Tucson, for example, was named one of ‘America’s best cities for global trade’ by Global Trade Magazine. Of all the companies in the Sun Corridor, though, the biggest private employer, by a sizable margin, is Raytheon Missile Systems, a subsidiary of Raytheon.” See: Jeffrey E. Stern, “From Arizona to Yemen: The Journey of an American Bomb”, The New York Times, 11 December 2018.

  21. 21. Following the previous note’s sentiment, a New York Times article titled “Why Bombs Made in American Have Been Killing Civilians in Yemen” — the “have been” really doing some heavy lifting here — “Raytheon, a major supplier of weapons to the Saudis, including some implicated by human rights groups in the deaths of Yemeni civilians, has long viewed the kingdom as one of its most important foreign customers. After the Yemen war began in 2015 and the Obama administration made a hasty decision to back the Saudis, Raytheon booked more than $3 billion in new bomb sales, according to an analysis of available U.S. government records.” A January 26, 2022 press release from Amnesty International explained: “The Saudi-led coalition used a precision-guided munition made in the United States in last week’s air strike on a detention centre in Sa’adah, north-western Yemen, which, according to Doctors without Borders, killed at least 80 people and injured over 200, Amnesty International said today. The laser-guided bomb used in the attack, manufactured by US defence company Raytheon, is the latest piece in a wider web of evidence of the use of US-manufactured weapons in incidents that could amount to war crimes […] Amnesty International’s arms experts analysed photos of the remnants of the weapon used in the attack on the detention centre and identified the bomb as a GBU-12, a 500lb laser-guided bomb manufactured by Raytheon.” See: Michael LaForgia and Walt Bogdanich, “Why Bombs Made in America Have Been Killing Civilians in Yemen”, The New York Times, 16 May 2020.

  22. 22. A 2010 article in the Arizona Daily Star details a call to the Arizona Board of Regents from former Raytheon president Taylor Lawrence: “‘Arizona’s universities are invaluable contributors to the economic development of this state. Raytheon Missile Systems relies on research institutions to provide a critical source for innovation and talent needed to fill high-tech jobs. Ultimately, industry-university partnerships contribute to the economic development of this state. A strong research university like the U of A was a critical factor in Raytheon’s decision to move business to Tucson from other parts of the country.’ He furthered: ‘Of Raytheon’s more than 75,000 employees worldwide, more students are recruited from the U of A than from any other university. In fact, in the past five years, more than 45 percent of all of our new college hires have received U of A degrees […] Both [Arizona State University] and U of A are designated “strategic schools” by Raytheon, which means we target them for recruiting and other involvement.’” See: Becky Pallack, “Raytheon leader asks the state to support universities”, Arizona Daily Star, 10 December 2010.

  23. 23. In early October 2025, four volunteers from Casa Maria Soup Kitchen in South Tucson, AZ launched a 40-day water-only fast in protest of weapons manufacture and funding, connecting land and sovereignty-based struggles in the Sonoran Desert with Palestine: “Among those participating in the fast are South Tucson Mayor Roxanna Valenzuela, South Tucson City Council members Brian Flagg and Pablo Robles, and longtime community aid worker Glenda Avalos. “More than 64,000 Palestinians have been killed in the last 2 years and many have been killed with bombs funded by U.S. taxpayers made right here in Tucson by Raytheon”, organisers wrote in a letter of intent posted to Casa Maria’s Instagram page*.* The group is asking U.S. senators Ruben Gallego and Mark Kelly to commit to vote in support of the Israeli Arms Embargo Bill sponsored by Sen. Bernie Sanders.” In 2024, South Tucson was the first city in the state of Arizona to demand a ceasefire resolution; to learn more about how Hughes plant, the Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, and Raytheon have permanently damaged the South Tucson community writ large by poisoning the aquifers and sacred desert ecology with forever chemicals such as disposed metals, chlorinated solvents and a range of PFAS, see: Sunaura Taylor, Disabled Ecologies: Lessons from a Wounded Desert, 2024. See also: Topacio “Topaz” Servellon, “South Tucson volunteers fast to highlight Gaza crisis”, Tucson Spotlight, 8 October 2025; @casa7maria, “Casa Maria Catholic Workers stand with Palestine”, Instagram, 26 September 2025.

  24. 24. For five years and counting, the University of Arizona has held an “Annual Raytheon Day Fall Symposium” hosted by the Applied Mathematics department. This predatory event seeks to tempt graduate students, researchers and faculty into the Raytheon pipeline, lauding the company’s benefits and “productivity” to UA and Tucson more broadly. This year’s speakers included the College of Science Associate Dean for Research, Senior Technical Fellows at Raytheon, systems engineers and the Acting Chair of Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Applied Mathematics. Following closing remarks, there was a “Social Hour with Raytheon Staff”. See: https://appliedmath.arizona.edu/events/raytheon-day-fall-2025-symposium.

  25. 25. In a promotional “Welcome to Raytheon in Tucson, AZ” video, Cara, a senior systems engineer, stands in an army green T-shirt in front of a massive American flag: “We are creating products to protect our country, our warfighter, and our allies, both here and abroad.” The clip continues: “Inside these walls, we innovate from explosives integration and test[ing] to space integrations. We deliver complex systems to a diverse customer base. It’s a great feeling to know that what we are doing here today is the next level of defense capability.” See: https://www.aerocontact.com/videos/136399-welcome-to-raytheon-in-tucson-az.

  26. 26. If you explore the depths of Raytheon’s websites (and how they obfuscate explicit details of their aims, contracts, and clients), you will find a “Submit an Idea” page where an eager aspiring warmonger may gift their vision(s) for annihilation: “Raytheon receives many ideas and has found that many have already been developed independently by Raytheon or previously considered. Therefore, in order to avoid any misunderstanding, Raytheon has adopted certain strict terms and conditions to receive any submissions:

    TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR SUBMISSION
    I WILL NOT SUBMIT ANY INFORMATION THAT I WISH TO KEEP CONFIDENTIAL.
    I understand and agree that Raytheon does not accept any obligations to keep my information confidential under this submission and that there will be no confidential relationship of any kind between Raytheon and me unless we separately agree to that in writing.
    I understand and agree that upon submission, Raytheon has the right to use the information in any way whatsoever, including without limitation the right to make improvements or derivative works, without any compensation or attribution to me. For the avoidance of doubt, and without limitation, Raytheon will have the unrestricted right to retain, use, disclose, license and sell my submitted idea and materials, and all improvements thereof. I certify that this is my original idea, which has not been copied or taken from anyone else. Alternatively, I am the parent/legal guardian of a minor who is the sole originator/owner of the idea. To the best of my knowledge, my idea and submission does not/will not infringe upon any rights of another person or entity. I certify that I am not violating any confidentiality obligation I have with any third party or violating any government export laws by sharing this information with Raytheon under the conditions set forth herein.”

  27. 27. From a 17 April 2004 protest: “Tucson’s most anti-environmental corporations have hijacked Earth Day. Tucson’s largest corporation and Earth Day sponsor Raytheon, manufactured many of the warheads used by the United States Military against the people of Iraq. Raytheon’s weapons have killed hundreds of civilians during the war for Iraq’s oil. It’s possible that Raytheon’s missiles also carried depleted uranium responsible for poisoning coalition soldiers and the Iraqi people, causing an environmental disaster. The people of Iraq have been calling on Americans to join them in calling for an end to the slaughter of their people. Please join us in supporting the people of Iraq.” See: https://foodnotbombs.net/earth_day_action.html.

  28. 28. The UA College of Engineering’s “College Advisory Groups”, or, “Industry partners serving on advisory working groups help guide the future of UA Engineering. These individuals provide input on programs and course curriculum and aid in ensuring that the college’s training and research address industry needs,” features Raytheon.

  29. 29. From the U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration: “Effective January 10, 2018, U.S. exporters to Israel are no longer required to provide Israeli authorities a hard copy Certificate of Origin (commonly referred to as the ‘Green Form’ or ‘Form A’) to qualify for preferential access to the Israeli market under the United States-Israel Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Instead, U.S. exporters are required to print and sign a Declaration on the invoice. American exporters are advised to ensure that they carefully review and understand the language of the FTA’s Rules of Origin Provision before they sign the Invoice Declaration.” See: https://www.trade.gov/israel.

  30. 30. From U.S. Customs and Border Protection: “On May 10, 2017, the Governments of Israel and the United States amended the U.S.-Israel Free Trade Agreement (ILFTA) to eliminate the certificate of origin (CO) requirement on exports to Israel in favor of an invoice declaration. This simplification was effective January 10, 2018 and is tied to a June 30, 2018 phase-out date.” See: https://www.cbp.gov/trade/priority-issues/trade-agreements/israel.

  31. 31. From the Center for Constitutional Rights’ report titled “Exporting Complicity: U.S. Arms to Israel and the Breakdown of Legal Accountability”, submitted to a United Nations Universal Periodic Review: “(3) The United States’ role as the principal arms supplier to Israel is inextricable from Israel’s ongoing war crimes and violations of human rights law in Gaza. Israel is the single largest recipient of U.S. military aid. Since October 7, 2023, the United States has enacted legislation providing at least $12.5 billion in direct military aid to Israel.8 In this period, the number of U.S. arms transfers to Israel surged, with the U.S. approving and delivering more than 100 separate foreign military sales to Israel between October 2023 and March 2024. These deliveries have included 57,000 artillery shells, 36,000 rounds of cannon ammunition, 20,000 M4A1 rifles, 13,981 anti-tank missiles, 8,700 MK-82, 500-pound bombs, 14,100 MK-84 2,000-pound bombs, and other weapons, munitions, and military equipment that are currently being used in the Gaza strip. (4) These U.S.-manufactured arms have had a catastrophic impact in Gaza. In the first six weeks of the Israeli military offensive, Israel dropped nearly 500 2,000-pound bombs onGaza, more than 40% of which were dropped in designated safe zones and areas where civilians had been instructed to flee.11 By October 7, 2024, it was estimated that over 82,000 tons of explosives had been dropped on Gaza.”

  32. 32. Surely someone has the energy to scour and analyse the US Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security spreadsheets. At the time of writing this essay, I am not that person.

  33. 33. Connect this to the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control Executive Order 13382, “Blocking Property of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferators and Their Supporters”; the Weapons of Mass Destruction Trade Control Regulations (Part 539 of Title 31, CFR); and the Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Agreement Assets Control Regulations (Part 540 of Title 31, CFR).

  34. 34. Significantly beyond this article’s immediate scope: reference the U.S. Department of State Directorate of Defense Trade Controls.

  35. 35. For more, see: Specially Designated Nationals List, Office of Foreign Assets Control, https://sanctionslist.ofac.treas.gov/Home/SdnList.

  36. 36. For more, see: Sectoral Sanctions Identifications, Office of Foreign Assets Control, https://www.treasury.gov/ofac/downloads/ssi/ssilist.pdf.

  37. 37. An incredibly specific restriction, considering the bombs that Raytheon manufactures are ceaselessly dropped across besieged Gaza, which dates to 2007. This “Non-SDN Palestinian Legislative Council List” outlines: “This publication of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is a reference tool providing actual notice of actions by OFAC with respect to persons that are identified as members of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) who were elected on the party slate of a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO), Specially Designated Terrorist (SDT), or Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT).” The several dozen names in this document span the West Bank and Gaza, emphasizing (purported) connection to Hamas; see: https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/10411/download?inline.

  38. 38. For more, see: “U.S. Restricted Part Lists”, Northwestern University, https://researchsecurity.northwestern.edu/policies-guidance/u.s-restricted-party-lists.html.

  39. 39. For more, see: Brett Murphy, “Inside the State Department’s Weapons Pipeline to Israel”, ProPublica, 4 October 2024.

  40. 40. Each workday at around 5pm EST, the Department of Defense War posts its daily contracts (at or exceeding USD $7 million) on www.war.gov. I would urge you to spend time with this website and its archive. A sampling from 27 January 2026: “Raytheon, Tucson, Arizona, was awarded a $193,705,262 modification (P00019) to contract W31P4Q-23-C-0026 for procurement of tube-launched optically tracked wireless guided missiles. The modification brings the total cumulative face value of the contract to $193,705,262. Work will be performed in Tucson, Arizona, with an estimated completion date of Sept. 30, 2028.” From 23 January 2026: “Raytheon Co., Tucson, Arizona, is awarded a $19,299,600 cost-plus-fixed-fee modification to previously awarded contract (N00024-23-C-5401) to exercise options for design agent and engineering support for the Rolling Airframe Missile. This contract combines purchases for the Navy (69%); the government of Japan (25%); the government of Qatar (3%); the government of South Korea (2%); and the government of Canada (1%), under the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program. Work will be performed in Tucson, Arizona, and is expected to be completed by March 2028. FMS (Japan) funds in the amount of $4,499,906 (25%); fiscal 2025 weapons procurement (Navy) funds in the amount of $4,464,824 (25%); fiscal 2026 research, development, test and evaluation (Navy) funds in the amount of $3,539,029 (20%); fiscal 2026 weapons procurement (Navy) funds in the amount of $2,334,251 (13%); fiscal 2026 other procurement (Navy) funds in the amount of $1,815,000 (10%); FMS (Qatar) funds in the amount of $699,964 (3%); FMS (South Korea) funds in the amount of $514,536 (2%); fiscal 2025 research, development, test and evaluation (Navy) funds in the amount of $97,451 (1%); and FMS (Canada) funds in the amount of $29,919 (1%), will be obligated at time of award, of which $97,451 will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, D.C., is the contracting activity.”

  41. 41. From a U.S. Department of State press release by Secretary of State Marco Rubio on 1 March 2025: “I have signed a declaration to use emergency authorities to expedite the delivery of approximately $4 billion in military assistance to Israel. The decision to reverse the Biden Administration’s partial arms embargo, which wrongly withheld a number of weapons and ammunition from Israel, is yet another sign that Israel has no greater ally in the White House than President Trump. Since taking office, the Trump Administration has approved nearly $12 billion in major FMS sales to Israel. This important decision coincides with President Trump’s repeal of a Biden-era memorandum which had imposed baseless and politicized conditions on military assistance to Israel at a time when our close ally was fighting a war of survival on multiple fronts against Iran and terror proxies. The Trump Administration will continue to use all available tools to fulfill America’s long-standing commitment to Israel’s security, including means to counter security threats.”

  42. 42. For more, see: “2025 Investment Climate Statements: Israel”, U.S. Department of State,

  43. 43. For more, see: Sharon Zhang, “State Department Office Finds ‘Hundreds’ of Possible Israeli Rights Violations”, Truthout, 31 October 2025.

  44. 44. On January 16, 2026, the University of Arizona announced the launching of the Kyl Institute for National Security; this is both rebranding and restructuring of the UA Applied Research Corporation. The press release, titled “U of A announces the Kyl Institute for National Security”, included: “The institute is funded in part by an investment from the Arizona Board of Regents, which provided seed funding for national security and space as a U of A strategic research initiative in 2025.” There is literally zero masquerading this university’s imperative: to serve (nearly solely) the interests of the Department of Defense War. The blurb furthered: “Retired U.S. Air Force Gen. Robin Rand has been named president and CEO of the Kyl Institute for National Security. Austin Yamada, founding president and CEO of UA-ARC, retired at the end of 2025 following a distinguished career that also included 25 years as a senior civilian employee in the U.S. Department of Defense and leadership in several corporate and academic institutions.” Millions of research dollars, faculty and student innovation and capacity — and the occupied Indigenous land itself — is brazenly being directed towards further fortifying this garrison in the Sonoran Desert. Listed on the Institute’s new website, its “capabilities” include: cyber, hypersonics, optics, space, and health. Gnawing at what is loaded in each of these vast categories is beyond this (already too-long) paper’s scope. But we must question: why has this university fully capitulated to the warmongering oligarchic class, developing surveillance and battlefield technologies to further destroy this earth? Why is a medley of military generals such as General Herbert J. “Hawk” Carlisle, venture capitalists, and National Security “experts” granted so much power to steer these students, this community? What is hidden under the guise of “innovation” and “experimental” or “quality research”? Another university is possible.